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\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a “\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0646\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 ” (Frames of Mind)\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1983 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646) \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646”.
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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621.
\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 IQ \u0623\u0648 intelligence quotient \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 “\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0644”\u060c \u0648 “\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644”\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0644- \u0647\u0648\u0644- \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 ” \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629) \u0648 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629) \u0648 (\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 ( \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 IQ) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.
\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:
\u2022 140 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642: \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a.
\u2022 140-120: \u0630\u0643\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b.
\u2022 120-110: \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.
\u2022 110-90: \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621.
\u2022 90-80: \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.
\u2022 80-70: \u063a\u0628\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b.
\u2022 70 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646: \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0646\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:
1- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642.
2- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647.
3- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a – \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629.
4- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.
5- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a.
6- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.
7- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621.
8- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.
9- \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.
\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0643 (Carol Dweck) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d” (Mindset: The New Psychology of Success) \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.
\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0631\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627..
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\n\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a
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