{"id":68281,"date":"2026-11-03T08:44:14","date_gmt":"2026-11-03T05:44:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sfuturem.org\/?p=68281"},"modified":"2026-11-03T09:08:58","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T06:08:58","slug":"an-analysis-of-the-positions-of-political-forces-regarding-the-draft-law-on-political-parties-in-syria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sfuturem.org\/en\/2026\/11\/an-analysis-of-the-positions-of-political-forces-regarding-the-draft-law-on-political-parties-in-syria\/","title":{"rendered":"An Analysis of the Positions of Political Forces Regarding the Draft Law on Political Parties in Syria"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-executive-summary\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Executive Summary:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This legal paper addresses the core issue of regulating party life in Syria following the fall of the authoritarian regime (December 8, 2024). It is based on a comparative analysis of the positions held by 21 Syrian political organizations\u2014as documented in a study by the Jusoor Center for Studies\u2014with the aim of assessing how these perspectives align with constitutional and international standards regarding freedom of association and the formation of political parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Legal Office of the &#8220;Syrian Future Movement&#8221; concludes that the enactment of a modern political parties law is a constitutional imperative, mandated by the provisions of the Constitutional Declaration issued on March 13, 2025, and serves as a fundamental guarantee for a peaceful transition of power. The paper offers a series of precise legislative recommendations designed to foster a legal environment that encourages pluralism while remaining insulated from executive or security-related interference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-introduction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Introduction:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The collapse of the former regime on December 8, 2024, marked a definitive break from decades of hegemony by the Ba&#8217;ath Party and its single-party system, necessitating a restructuring of the political landscape based on pluralistic and democratic foundations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this context, the Constitutional Declaration issued on March 13, 2025, serves as the primary framework for the transitional period. Article 14 of the Declaration explicitly stipulates &#8220;the state\u2019s duty to safeguard political participation and the formation of political parties on national grounds, in accordance with a new law that regulates the mechanism for establishing political parties.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A political parties law functions, in essence, as the &#8220;foundational law for the political order.&#8221; It is not merely an administrative or organizational text; rather, it serves as the legal instrument that defines the contours of the relationship between the state and civil society, as well as between those in power and the opposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this context, the Legal Office of the Syrian Future Movement presents this analytical reading of the field data gathered by the &#8220;Jusoor&#8221; study. The objective is to offer an institutional legal perspective that contributes to the drafting of legislation\u2014one that breaks with the past and lays the foundation for a state based on citizenship and the rule of law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-first-a-legal-and-analytical-review-of-the-positions-held-by-political-forces\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">First: A legal and analytical review of the positions held by political forces:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study\u2019s findings reveal a divergence in legal perspectives across 11 indicators\u2014a variance attributable to the differing intellectual frameworks and historical experiences of these political forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The most significant of these indicators can be analyzed from a legal standpoint as follows:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The legal framework for establishment: Notification versus Licensing:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Field data: 71% of the political forces expressed support for a &#8220;notification&#8221; mechanism, while 29% favored a &#8220;licensing&#8221; mechanism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legal analysis and the Movement\u2019s perspective: The &#8220;notification&#8221; system represents the international legal standard for the freedom to form associations and political parties (in accordance with Article 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights). The licensing mechanism grants the executive branch broad discretionary power, which opens the door to the &#8220;politicization&#8221; of decisions and the exclusion of political opponents\u2014a reality exemplified by Legislative Decree 100 of 2011. The Syrian Future Movement advocates for a notification-based mechanism; under this approach, the act of notification serves merely to formally acknowledge the existence of a party\u2014rather than to create it\u2014thereby allowing parties to commence their activities immediately upon meeting formal requirements, while remaining subject to subsequent judicial oversight.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Oversight Body for Political Parties:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Field Data: Opinions were divided among an &#8220;independent judicial body&#8221; (38.09%), an &#8220;independent financial and administrative body&#8221; (33.33%), and the &#8220;Supreme Constitutional Court&#8221; (14.28%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legal Analysis and the Movement\u2019s Perspective: Administrative authority over political parties must be removed from the Ministry of Interior (which represents the executive branch) to uphold the principle of the separation of powers. Within our &#8220;Legal Office,&#8221; we support the establishment of an independent judicial body\u2014or the assignment of this mandate to the Supreme Constitutional Court\u2014to serve as the final arbiter in cases involving challenges to a party\u2019s formation or its dissolution. Such a measure would shield partisan activity from security-related coercion and ensure impartiality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Religious and Sectarian References and Inclusive Identity:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Field Data: 57.14% of respondents opposed the inclusion of a provision that would prohibit the formation of political parties based on religious, sectarian, ethnic, or regional grounds, whereas 19.01% supported such a provision. Legal Analysis and the Movement\u2019s Perspective: From a legal standpoint, the legislator cannot criminalize &#8220;thought&#8221; or &#8220;affiliation&#8221; per se, provided that a party adheres to the constitution and the principle of non-violence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li> An absolute ban on ideological or religious frames of reference could conflict with the freedoms of expression and political association. Nevertheless, the movement supports the inclusion of strict legal safeguards to prevent the exploitation of religion or sectarianism\u2014whether to entrench discrimination and societal division, or to form sectarian militias under the guise of a political party. The movement emphasizes the &#8220;principle of citizenship&#8221; as the unifying foundation for political activity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Civil State:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Field Data: There is a 100% consensus on prohibiting the formation of armed groups affiliated with political parties, and 95% support for barring military and security officers from holding party membership.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legal Analysis and the Movement\u2019s Perspective: This consensus reflects a well-established legal principle in the modern civil state: the subordination of military and security institutions to civilian political authority. We support prohibiting political parties from maintaining military wings, and preventing military personnel from engaging in partisan activities while in service. This ensures the neutrality of the military establishment and protects it from political exploitation, while simultaneously guaranteeing the right of military personnel to vote and participate in political life as citizens once their service has concluded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Financial Transparency and the Prohibition of Foreign Funding:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Field Data: 95% support a ban on foreign funding; 100% support funding through membership dues; and 90.47% support funding through domestic donations. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legal Analysis and the Movement\u2019s Perspective: Prohibiting conditional foreign funding is a sovereign principle designed to protect national decision-making from external encroachment. However, this prohibition should not be used as a pretext to deplete the resources of emerging political parties. Therefore, we call for the establishment of a legal cap on domestic donations, alongside the implementation of a fair system of government subsidies\u2014allocated based on parliamentary representation or membership size\u2014to ensure equal opportunity among parties and prevent them from becoming mere instruments in the hands of capital.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-second-legal-and-political-obstacles-to-enacting-the-law\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Second, Legal and Political Obstacles to Enacting the Law:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Study data indicates that 38% of respondents expect the law to be enacted soon, while another 38% believe it is unlikely to happen in the near future, and 24% are unable to provide a specific timeframe. Among the respondents, 23.80% attribute the delay to the &#8220;authorities&#8217; rejection of pluralism,&#8221; while 19.04% point to &#8220;security challenges.&#8221;<br>Linking the enactment of a political parties law to Citing &#8220;security challenges&#8221; or &#8220;challenges of the transitional phase&#8221; serves as a pretext to obstruct constitutional rights. The absence of a modern law on political parties creates a legislative vacuum, facilitating a regression toward old security-based practices\u2014such as arbitrary arrests or the prohibition of public gatherings. Furthermore, invoking a &#8220;rejection of pluralism&#8221; constitutes a clear violation of the Constitutional Declaration. Consequently, we identify the lack of a genuine national dialogue as the primary obstacle. We urge that the enactment of a political parties law be treated as a top legislative priority\u2014one that must not be deferred or made contingent upon economic or security-related agendas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-third-recommendations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Third: Recommendations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Based on the preceding analysis, the Syrian Future Movement proposes the following legislative recommendations to be incorporated into the new draft law on political parties:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Adoption of a Prior Notification Mechanism: A political party may commence its activities upon submitting a notification to the Ministry of Interior or the relevant competent authority. Such notification shall be deemed automatically accepted unless the competent judicial authority issues a reasoned decision to reject it within a maximum period of 30 days.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Establishing a Realistic Founding Quorum: The law should require a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 100 founding members. This threshold enables youth and emerging political groups to establish themselves, while a requirement for geographic distribution\u2014spanning at least 5 governorates (with a minimum of one member per governorate)\u2014ensures a national character and prevents geographic isolation. Establishing the Principle of a Civil State: Incorporating an explicit and definitive provision that prohibits any political party from forming military or paramilitary wings, or maintaining ties with armed groups, while imposing stringent criminal penalties on violators.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Criminalizing Sectarian Exploitation: Including a clause that forbids the use of places of worship or religious platforms for partisan or electoral propaganda, in order to safeguard freedom of belief and the social fabric.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Establishing an Independent Financial Oversight Commission: Requiring political parties to submit audited annual financial statements to an independent body (judicial or financial), imposing severe penalties for the receipt of conditional foreign funding, and mandating that parties disclose their sources of funding to the general public.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a post-Assad Syria, the law on political parties represents a new &#8220;socio-political contract.&#8221; The current tensions among political forces\u2014as highlighted by the &#8220;Jusoor&#8221; study\u2014are a natural phase in the birth of a pluralistic political system; however, continued delays in enacting this law threaten to undermine confidence in the entire transition process. Consequently, the Legal Office of the Syrian Future Movement asserts that expediting the legislation of a modern political parties law\u2014grounded in a notification-based system, judicial oversight, financial transparency, and a prohibition on violence\u2014is the only guarantee for shifting political conflict away from battlefields and security-driven polarization toward peaceful competition and the ballot box, ultimately building the state of institutions to which the Syrian people aspire.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An analysis of the stances of 21 political organizations regarding the draft law on political parties in Syria following the collapse of the authoritarian 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