{"id":67144,"date":"2026-08-22T09:02:41","date_gmt":"2026-08-22T06:02:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sfuturem.org\/?p=67144"},"modified":"2026-08-22T09:07:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T06:07:39","slug":"the-policy-of-balance-and-non-alignment-in-the-new-syria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sfuturem.org\/en\/2026\/08\/the-policy-of-balance-and-non-alignment-in-the-new-syria\/","title":{"rendered":"The policy of balance and non-alignment in the new Syria"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"h-executive-summary\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Executive Summary:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The policy of balance and non-alignment adopted by the new Syrian government represents a strategic shift in Syrian diplomacy, after decades of alignment with regional and international axes that harmed the country&#8217;s interests and embroiled it in conflicts in which it was not a party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This approach is based on the principles of the Non-Aligned Movement, which Syria helped found in 1961, and on the theory of balance in international relations, which emphasizes that the independence of national decision-making is achieved through diversifying relations and avoiding dependence on a single dominant power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This study reviews the theoretical foundations of the policy of balance and non-alignment, analyzes its practical applications in the new Syrian foreign policy, discusses the internal and external challenges it faces, and offers pragmatic recommendations to ensure its sustainability, based on the vision of the Syrian Future Movement, which is founded on national sovereignty and the supreme interests of the Syrian people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-first-theoretical-framework\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">First: Theoretical Framework:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A. The Non-Aligned Movement:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Non-Aligned Movement was founded at the Belgrade Conference in 1961, stemming from the Bandung Conference held in April 1955. At that conference, leaders from 29 African and Asian countries, including Syria, convened to lay the foundations for cooperation among &#8220;Third World&#8221; nations amidst the Cold War between the Eastern and Western blocs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The conference proclaimed the Ten Bandung Principles, which became the core of the Non-Aligned Movement&#8217;s policy. These principles included: respect for fundamental human rights; respect for the sovereignty of all states; equality among states; non-interference in internal affairs; non-use of collective defense alliances for private interests; renunciation of the threat or use of force; peaceful settlement of international disputes; promotion of common interests and mutual cooperation; and respect for justice and international obligations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Syria participated in the Movement&#8217;s founding conference in 1961, making its active return to this platform today a testament to its historical continuity and its adherence to its principles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B. The Balance of Power Theory in International Relations:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The policy of balance and non-alignment is based on the balance of power theory in international relations, which asserts that the stability of the international system is achieved when it is not dominated by a single power, and that small and medium-sized states achieve their interests by diversifying their relationships and not becoming dependent on a major power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the Syrian context, this means that the new Syria seeks to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Diversify its international partnerships with major powers (the United States, Russia, China, and Europe) and regional powers (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, and Jordan).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid aligning itself with major power conflicts, while maintaining independent positions that reflect national interests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Actively participate in international organizations to strengthen its diplomatic presence and advance national interests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-secondly-practical-applications-in-the-new-syrian-foreign-policy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Secondly, practical applications in the new Syrian foreign policy:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A. Active participation in international organizations:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The new Syria affirmed its commitment to the principles of the Non-Aligned Movement through its active participation in the Movement&#8217;s summit in Kampala in October 2015, where the Syrian delegation emphasized its &#8220;balanced approach in its regional and international relations.&#8221; The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) member states reiterated their welcome of Syria&#8217;s return to its rightful place within the international system, praising the path of change based on national leadership and ownership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B. Diversification of International Relations:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The new Syria has succeeded in building bridges of communication with various international actors, a remarkable shift from decades of close ties to Iranian policies and an alliance with Russia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Syria has achieved significant breakthroughs in international relations, including:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Relations with the United States: Relations with Washington have transformed from hostility to cooperation. This culminated in President Ahmed al-Sharaa&#8217;s visit to Washington in November 2015 and Syria&#8217;s announcement of joining the US-led international coalition.<br>Washington also sponsored the UN Security Council resolution that lifted sanctions on key new Syrian officials, contributing to Syria&#8217;s reintegration into the global financial system and bolstering financial stability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Relations with Russia: Relations with Moscow shifted from hostility to coordination and partnership, with an exchange of official visits between Syrian and Russian officials, culminating in a meeting between al-Sharaa and his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, in Moscow in October 2025.<br>Reports confirmed an agreement between the two sides on military cooperation, and a Russian technical delegation visited Quneitra Governorate in late November 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Relations with China: Signs of developing relations with Beijing emerged, including China&#8217;s abstention from vetoing the UN Security Council resolution that lifted sanctions on the new Syrian leadership, Beijing&#8217;s reception of Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani, and an agreement to establish a Syrian-Chinese Business Council.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Relations with Arab and Regional States: Syria repositioned itself regionally, strengthening its relations with Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Jordan. The results of these shifts were reflected in al-Sharaa&#8217;s first foreign visits in early 2025 to Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Qatar, and Jordan.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C. Economic and Cultural Diplomacy:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alongside political diplomacy, the new Syria is investing in economic diplomacy aimed at attracting investments and supporting reconstruction efforts by presenting Syria as a safe and stable investment destination and an attractive environment for international partnerships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Syria is also working to enhance its presence in cultural forums to showcase its new image as a country open to the world and capable of contributing to regional peace and development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-third-internal-challenges\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Third, Internal Challenges:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A. The Wave of Internal Protests:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Analysis by the Washington Institute indicates that Syria has been experiencing a wave of protests since the beginning of 2016, involving transportation workers, farmers, nurses, teachers, lawyers, and university students. Their demands have focused on alleviating the deteriorating economic conditions, guaranteeing civil rights, and prosecuting those involved in the crimes of the former regime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It can be observed that these protests reflect &#8220;a desire to hold the new government accountable through one of the few channels currently available.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This coincides with These protests, coupled with Deutsche Welle&#8217;s warnings that the absence of transitional justice fuels acts of revenge and threatens stability, could weaken the government&#8217;s ability to focus its resources and energies on implementing a balanced foreign policy. This would also make it more vulnerable to international pressure should it fail to meet the demands of its citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B. Sectarian Violence and Security Instability:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Data from the Armed Conflict Location &amp; Event Data Project (ACLED) indicates that stability has not extended to areas inhabited by minorities, where the state has been unable to fully consolidate its authority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Five governorates (Latakia, As-Suwayda, Tartus, Hama, and Homs) have witnessed violent clashes and killings targeting Druze and Alawite communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This fragile security situation weakens Syria&#8217;s negotiating position and reduces its ability to maneuver in international forums, as adversaries can exploit these vulnerabilities to pressure the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C. The Economic Crisis and Reconstruction Costs:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Analysis by the Washington Institute indicates that reconstruction costs in Syria are estimated at $216 billion, at a time when the government is suffering from limited financial resources and weak infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This economic crisis affects Syria&#8217;s ability to pursue an independent foreign policy, making it more reliant on external support, which could limit its decision-making autonomy and make it vulnerable to international dictates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-fourth-external-challenges\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fourth, External Challenges:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A. Multiple Conflicting Regional Interests:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The policy of balancing interests faces a significant challenge in reconciling the conflicting interests of the regional powers active in Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Turkey, Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the UAE each have their own interests in Syria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Balancing these interests requires exceptional diplomatic skill and the ability to manage contradictions without favoring one party over another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A report by the Middle East Council on International Affairs indicates that &#8220;Saudi support for Damascus will be crucial in the context of the redistribution of influence in the region, especially among non-Arab powers such as Turkey, Israel, and Iran.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means that Syria needs to manage its relations with Riyadh, Ankara, Tehran, and Tel Aviv simultaneously, without being accused of siding with any one of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B. Continued Economic Sanctions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Middle East Council estimates that lifting sanctions on Syria is \u201cessential to creating space for a positive transformation.\u201d However, the United States and Europe do not appear to be in any hurry to take this step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This presents the Syrian government with a dilemma: it needs the sanctions lifted to attract investment and support reconstruction, but lifting the sanctions is contingent on progress in other areas, such as transitional justice and human rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-fifth-future-scenarios-for-implementing-a-balance-policy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fifth, Future Scenarios for Implementing a Balance Policy:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There appear to be three main scenarios for Syria\u2019s future that can be applied to the balance policy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scenario One: Relative Stability and Conditional Success (Most Likely).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this scenario, the government succeeds in partially containing internal protests, makes progress on transitional justice, attracts limited investment, and continues to diversify its international relations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The balance policy remains viable, but with ongoing security and economic challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second Scenario: Failure of the Balance Policy Due to Internal Crises (The Pessimistic Scenario).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If protests persist, sectarian violence escalates, and reconstruction efforts falter, the government may be forced to retreat into isolation or rely on a single regional ally. This would undermine the balanced nature of its foreign policy and reproduce the logic of alliances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Third Scenario: Exceptional Success Thanks to Regional and International Support (The Optimistic Scenario).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the government succeeds in addressing internal issues and receives broad regional and international support, Syria could become a successful model for a balance policy, regain its role as a bridge for regional cooperation, and attract significant reconstruction investments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-sixth-recommendations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sixth, Recommendations:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Based on the Syrian Future Movement&#8217;s national responsibility and its commitment to sustaining the policy of balance and non-alignment and enhancing its role in serving national interests, it recommends the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>First, Strengthening Balanced Relations with Major Powers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Continuing to diversify relations with the United States, Russia, China, and Europe in a way that serves national interests and strengthens Syria&#8217;s position as an independent international actor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid falling into the trap of regional conflicts and focus on shared interests and cooperation in areas of mutual benefit (security, energy, reconstruction).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Second, activate Syria&#8217;s role in international and regional organizations:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Strengthen active participation in the Non-Aligned Movement, the United Nations, and regional organizations, thereby enhancing diplomatic presence and advancing national interests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Share Syria&#8217;s experience in political transition with international forums, highlighting the challenges and achievements of the transitional phase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Third, address internal challenges as a prerequisite for a sustainable foreign policy:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Accelerate the implementation of transitional justice to prevent the escalation of acts of revenge and threats to stability, as warned by the Deutsche Welle report.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enhance security and stability by extending state authority over all territories and restricting weapons to official institutions, particularly in minority areas that have witnessed clashes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Support national reconciliation efforts to ensure social cohesion and respond to the legitimate economic and social demands of the protesters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fourth, leveraging balanced relationships to attract investment and support reconstruction:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Presenting Syria as a safe and stable investment destination and an attractive environment for international partnerships, with a focus on vital sectors (energy, infrastructure, agriculture, and industry).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lifting economic sanctions as a key diplomatic objective, while capitalizing on Saudi support to advance this goal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fifth, strengthening economic and cultural diplomacy:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Promoting a new image of Syria as a country open to the world and capable of contributing to regional peace and development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Investing in diplomacy Cultural policy to promote mutual understanding and build bridges of trust with different countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The policy of balance and non-alignment represents the optimal strategic choice for the new Syria. It is the practical embodiment of a vision based on national sovereignty, the supreme interests of the people, and constructive openness to the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Through its active participation in the Non-Aligned Movement and the diversification of its international relations, the new Syria has demonstrated its ability to overcome decades of alignment with external axes and to build an independent foreign policy that reflects the will of the Syrian people to build international relations based on shared interests and mutual respect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the success of this policy requires unwavering political will, wise diplomacy, broad popular support, and the ability to navigate the complexities of international politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This necessitates that the Syrian government continue its balanced approach, activate its role in international and regional organizations, and leverage its relationships to attract investments and support reconstruction efforts, while skillfully managing domestic issues to ensure the sustainability of stability. In the Syrian Future Movement, we reaffirm that a policy of balance and non-alignment is the cornerstone of building a new Syria\u2014a state of law and institutions\u2014capable of restoring its civilizational role in the region and the world. We are ready to offer our expertise and support in this endeavor, based on our vision for building the Syria of the future, where sovereignty, dignity, and development are the goals, and wise diplomacy is the means.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A comprehensive analysis of the policy of balance and non-alignment in the new Syria and its internal and external challenges.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":67142,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[179,4853],"tags":[4718],"class_list":["post-67144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-political-office-en","category-research-and-studies-department-en","tag-articles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The 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