Introduction:Since May 2022, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has threatened a military incursion into northeastern Syria targeting the cities of Tell Rifaat and Manbij in Aleppo province. These cities, west of the Euphrates River, are under the…
The history of political thought in Syria spans ages and various political transformations. In ancient times, the region was influenced by old empires such as the Phoenicians, Romans, and Byzantines. During the Middle Ages, Syria was part…
There are increasing claims, whether from some European or Arab countries, that Syria has become safe and that only economic sanctions are preventing the return of refugees. This represents either a denial of the stubborn military reality,…